Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Distance education programs an Example by

Separation instruction programs Presentation The subject of separation learning programs, of those current in ancestral universities and the idea of bringing DL into other innately controlled foundations, is the accompanying assemblage of data, questing for the appropriate response if separation learning programs have an advantage to those inside the inborn and reservation networks. A few subtopics will be talked about over the span of the report, covering the subjects of innate universities and some history according to the arrangement of this scholarly foundation (through assessment of two school programs), features of separation learning programs and their substance, brief insights about current reservation life, and the learning styles, in light of conventional childhood and qualities, of Native American understudies, alongside significant rates of drop-out rates, continuing to an end. Need exposition test on Separation training programs theme? We will compose a custom exposition test explicitly for you Continue Innate Colleges Two innate schools, of the 24 ancestrally controlled foundations (2002), Oglala Lakota College and Northwest Indian College, stand apart for assessment of history, degree contributions, and accessibility of separation learning programs. Oglala Lakota College The primary innately controlled school in the United States, OLC is situated in Kyle, South Dakota; this is the fundamental place, also called Plya Wiconi (OLC site). Since its beginnings, a few different destinations have been set up all through the state to encourage instructing inborn networks, of the Lakota country specifically. This scholastic establishment is situated on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, thought about the most unfortunate reservation, by monetary measures. Authorized and represented by the clan, the school tries to address the issues of the booking inhabitants in quest for advanced education. A 13 part Board of Trustees, included nine reservation locale agents, two ancestral chamber individuals, one OST president or somebody of assignment, and one understudy delegate, supervise choices, new thoughts, ventures plans, and so on.. Sanctioned in 1971 as the Lakota Education Center, OLC began as a non-certify learning place for inborn inhabitants, working in relationship with Black Hills State College, University of South Dakota, and South Dakota State University with different degree programs. Albeit thought about a confounded instructive framework, it was useful for understudies going to those starting years (OLC site). The principal partner degrees were granted in 1974, and in 1978, the schools name changed to Oglala Sioux Community College. Degree contributions at the time were: BA Elementary Education, AA Education, General Studies, and Lakota Studies, alongside AS Human Services and Nursing. The 1980s saw numerous progressions for OLC, beginning with qualification for accreditation in 1983, alongside another name change which mirrored the status from a junior college to a multi year scholarly organization, alongside utilizing appropriate terms, as indicated by semantics and social mindfulness. Oglala Lakota College turned into the name for the school; there is no word in the communitys language for the word Sioux, in this way the word Lakota, which means the individuals, came into utilization (OLC site). 1987, into the time of the 90s, explicitly 1992 and 1994, saw developments with existing projects and degree accessibility. The accompanying degrees opened up to understudies: BA Lakota Studies, BS Human Services and Applied Sciences, and MA Tribal Leadership. As of now, with respect to remove learning programs, the Information Technology division for OLC utilizes separation learning/online program apparatuses; something else, making and using a completely practical and beneficial both for the school and the understudy body-separation learning program is under assessment for thought of development of the universities accessible projects. OLC board individuals have confidence in the way of thinking of on-line courses, as a result of the idea of self-guided investigation, can introduce a chance to fit the scholarly community into normal life (OLC site). Northwest Indian College Established in 1973 on the Lummi Indian Reservation in Washington State, NWIC started as the Lummi Indian School of Aquaculture; right up 'til the present time, this scholarly foundation remains as the main authorize inborn school covering the conditions of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho (NWIC site). Since the start, the way of thinking of NWIC has been to give post-auxiliary training inside the booking network and that mindfulness fills in as the establishment for accomplishing certainty, regard, a genuine feeling of pride, centers around building a vocation, making an independent way of life, and advancing long lasting learning through the investigation of culture, qualities, and history of the individuals of the inborn network (NWIC site). The Lummi Indian Business Council perceived the instructive needs of the network in 1983, and in this manner contracted the school as the Lummi Community College. After five years, the school was endorsed for accreditation by the Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges however was not conceded full accreditation until 1993. 1989 saw the name change by and by, and the scholarly foundation got known as the Northwest Indian College, getting perceived as a multi year scholastic foundation (NWIC site). The degrees and authentications accessible through the school are: AA Native American Studies, Oksale Native Education, and General Direct Transfer Degree; AS Life Sciences; AT Chemical Dependency Studies, Computer Maintenance and Networking, and Individualized Program. Declaration programs are: Native American Studies, Computer Repair Technician, and Individualized Program. Northwest Indian College at present has a completely utilitarian separation learning program, which covers three distinct availabilities for gaining endlessly from the grounds condition. Live intelligent video, which uses K-20 Network (explicitly concerning the tri-state inclusion), and associates the accompanying inborn networks, to learning through the system: Makah, Swinomish, Tulalip, and Chief Leschi. On-line learning utilizes WebCT (other inborn schools are turning towards this outlet for learning or trying different things with its accessibility and utilization), which offers electronic courses; this can be totally online investigation or actualized as a supplemental substance to a standard homeroom course. Understudies with a PC, internet browser, and association with the web are qualified for this program outlet. Free picking up, taking another bearing, is an individual, self-guided investigation coordinated by an educator using composed materials or week by week video chats or tapes. Correspondence among educator and understudy happens through telephone, fax, or email (NWIC site). Separation Learning Programs As ahead of schedule as 2002, development in on-line separation programs has been taken note. At that point, over a large portion of a million understudies were enlisted for the 2001-2002 scholastic year. Transforming that into educational cost dollars, the venture for on-line enlistment remained at $2.4 billion (Gallagher, 2003). A 40% yearly development was anticipated to follow in the 2003-2004 scholarly year, which connoted a 5% expansion in separation learning programs. Separation learning is by all accounts filled by the turn of events and specialized advances of online innovation (Gruedemann, 2007). The consistency of serving neighborhood networks, and connecting with significant distance students also (considered the most up to date wave in showcasing procedures to keep gaining benefits for schools offering separation learning programs), making the projects available and adaptable to grown-up understudies, in view of value and cost, while tending to different program prerequisites, is the premise of separation learning programs, enveloping different techniques for achieving scholarly objectives (Gallagher, 2003). Albeit some employees and understudies battle to learn and educate inside the rules of modified jobs, and there is proof of absence of up close and personal association, the advantages of separation learning programs are found through the simplicity of decided time for considering and complying with task time constraints for turning in c ompleted materials, dynamic learning is engaged with spurring the understudy to participate in procuring information, groundwork for genuine work is progressively substantial, basic reasoning aptitudes improve with autonomous investigation, and a fulfillment with the learning style can be noted among certain understudies (Gruendemann, 2007). Reservation life-current conditions In spite of the fact that, since the primary contact and throughout history, European Americans have frequently twisted the truth of Native American people group through romanticizism, generalizing, and appropriating otherworldliness, the inverse is to be found inside the innate network (Waller, Okamoto, Hankerson, Hibbeler, Hibbeler, McIntyre, and McAllen-Walker, 2002). There are at present 202 clans, with 1.5 million dwelling on reservation land. Local Americans living on reservations despite everything keep on encountering high paces of joblessness and bastard hope among the most elevated anyplace in the nation. Reservations, for example, the Cheyenne Indian River Reservation, situated in South Dakota, needs water frameworks, making clean conditions about unthinkable, and the ancestral individuals who are utilized, make due on short of what 33% of the American normal salary (Gundrum, 2007). The most popular case of poor day to day environments and the countries most financially crushed network is the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, likewise situated in South Dakota. This booking has been the point of convergence of numerous occasions ever; the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890 which US mounted force men slaughtered 300 men, ladies, and youngsters, the AIM (American Indian Movement) central command of the 1970s, a few stalemates among conventionalists a nd the government oversee

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Marilyn Monroe An AllAmerican Sex Goddess or Hollywood Tragedy essays

Marilyn Monroe An AllAmerican Sex Goddess or Hollywood Tragedy papers Marilyn Monroe: An All-American Sex Goddess or Hollywood Tragedy? At the point when somebody specifies Marilyn Monroe, one generally thinks off the enticing all-American sex goddess who caught the world with her lady innocent appeal. However very few know her as the ill-conceived kid who persevered through an adolescence of destitution and hopelessness, sexual maltreatment, and years in encourage home and halfway houses. A great many people dont understand that her upset cold youth may been the primary motivation to her initial passing. Norma Jeane Bakers father, Edward Mortenson, had abandoned her mom, Gladys Baker ne Monroe, before she was conceived on June, 1 1926, in the cause ward of Los Angeles General Hospital. Due to Gladys unsteadiness and the way that she was unmarried at that point, Norma Jeane was set in a cultivate home. At 7 years old, Norma Jeane lived quickly with her mom. Gladys started to give indications of mental despondency, and after a year she was admitted to a rest home. Norma Jeane was then positioned with a family companion for a year until being put in another halfway house for an additional two years. Norma Jeane was once heard to think about this time and state: My general surroundings at that point was somewhat grim...I needed to figure out how to imagine all together to...I dont know.. obstruct the dreariness. The entire world seen kind of shut to me..(I felt) outwardly of everything, and everything I could do was to cook up any sort of imagine game. (MarilynMonroe,ionet.net/~jellenc/mmbio3.html) In 1941, Norma Jeane again lived with a family companion when she met Jim Dougherty, who was 5 years more established than her. They at that point wedded on June 19, 1942. Effortlessness Mckee (family companion she was living with) masterminded the marriage for me, I never had quite a bit of a decision. Theres very little to state about it. They couldnt support me, and they needed to work out something. Thus I got hitched. (Marilyn Monroe) Jim joined the Marines in 1943 and ... <!

Sunday, August 9, 2020

OCD in Children Differs From Adults

OCD in Children Differs From Adults OCD Types Print How OCD in Children Differs From Adults Important Differences Between OCD in Adults and Children By Owen Kelly, PhD Updated on January 23, 2020 Atsushi Yamada / Getty Images More in OCD Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Living With OCD Related Conditions Although many people think of OCD as a disorder that affects only adults, children are also affected. While there are many similarities between adult-onset and childhood-onset OCD, there are also many important differences, too. Lets take a look. How OCD Manifests in Children OCD is said to be childhood-onset if symptoms, such as obsessions and compulsions, occur before puberty. Between 1 and 3% of children will develop OCD and the average age of onset is approximately 10 years of age, although children as young as 5 or 6 may develop the illness. Interestingly, while boys are more commonly affected by childhood-onset OCD, this trend reverses following puberty. As well, boys with childhood-onset OCD appear to have a greater risk for related conditions including tic disorders. As children are often just learning to think abstractly, they often have less insight into their obsessions than adults. This, combined with a limited and/or developing verbal ability can make it difficult to make a proper diagnosis. As well, the content of children’s obsessions can be different from that of adults. For example, it is not uncommon for children with OCD to have specific obsessions related to the death of their parents. The rituals or compulsions of children may also be more likely to involve or be centered around family members than adults. As well, children’s obsessions rarely emphasize sexual themes, although it is important to note that adolescents may actually experience a greater incidence of sexually-focused obsessions. Finally, children with OCD may hoard more frequently than adults with the disorder. Childhood-onset OCD also seems to signal a higher risk of genetic transmission of OCD, tic disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Treating OCD in Children As with adult-onset OCD, the current recommended treatment for childhood-onset OCD is a combination of individual or group cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) and medications that augment levels of the neurochemical serotonin such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). When undertaking CBT with children, it is essential the parents be educated and involved. Indeed, research suggests that parental involvement is a strong predictor of treatment success. It may also be helpful to emphasize to children that it is their OCD who is the “bad guy” who is responsible for their symptoms and they and their parents are the “good guys.” Such a technique can help reduce the chances a child will feel blame or shame for having OCD. Of course, given the sometimes limited cognitive abilities of children, the explanation of abstract concepts needs to be done in a way that is appropriate for the age of the child. Get Treatment With the 9 Best Online Therapy Programs PANDAS: A Special Case of OCD in Children Sometimes OCD in children can be caused by an autoimmune reaction within the brain. A disease known as Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal infections (or “PANDAS”) is thought to be triggered by an infection of the same bacteria that causes strep throat and scarlet fever. As the child’s immune system fights the strep infection, it becomes confused and starts to attack an area of the brain called the basal ganglia. Although changes in a number of brain areas underlie symptoms of OCD, abnormalities of the basal ganglia have been associated with symptoms of OCD. Whereas the symptoms of regular OCD develop slowly, the onset of the PANDAS form of OCD is rapid.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Book Review Adventures On The Alimentary Canal By Mary...

Gulp: Adventures on the Alimentary Canal by Mary Roach is a truly fascinating novel that explores the body’s digestive system, beginning at the nose and ending with the rectum. Roach encaptures the reader with a not-so encapturing topic, and throughout the book uses humor and startling facts to keep the reader engaged. Gulp is not only about the human digestive system, but humans as people as well. Roach dives into cultural differences, provides interesting historical facts, and explores scientific investigations all while informing the reader on the human digestive system. The book begins with the nose, surprisingly, in which Roach informs the reader that eighty to ninety percent of the sensory experience of eating is olfaction, the sense of smell (Roach 24). Roach introduces the reader to Sue Langstaff, a sensory analyst, and takes the reader through her experience of training to be apart of the new UC Davis Olive Oil Taste Panel. Roach explains how humans perceive different tastes and smells, and how important sensory analysts and panels are to product development. She goes on to explain how humans differ from their pets in the sense of what they like to eat, due to the difference of how animals and humans perceive different flavors. Humans tend to feed their pets based on their own food preferences, but since animals have different senses of taste than humans, they may not like the food their owners give them. Speaking of preferences, Roach dives into the depths of why

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

Macbeth Equivocation Essay - 1003 Words

The story of William Shakespeare’s Macbeth is a classic one of betrayal and destiny. One of the major themes of the play is the use of equivocation to create ambiguity. The definition of equivocation from the Oxford dictionary is: the use of ambiguous language to conceal the truth or to avoid committing oneself; prevarication. The very definition of equivocation contains the use of ambiguity, thus making the two very connected in terms of the story of the play. Equivocation is used multiple times throughout the piece to create a sense of uncertainty, which in turn makes the reader not sure of what will happen next. This makes the reading of the play very compelling. Shakespeare uses equivocation to make the reader think one thing,†¦show more content†¦Macbeth himself is written like a double meaning, having the characteristics of one personality, while possessing the features of another. Macbeth, being the title character, is the main focus of the story. He is the protagonist. In the beginning, Shakespeare writes Macbeth as being the noblest of warriors. It is only after Macbeth learns from the witches that he will become the King that his personality begins to change. He goes from being the quintessential protagonist, to a scheming and paranoid villain. He schemes with Lady Macbeth to kill King Duncan, who is portrayed as a kind and just ruler. In the act of killing Duncan, Macbeth becomes the antagonist and Macduff, the one who makes it his mission to dethrone Macbeth. Because of Macbeth’s status as a tragic hero, he falls from grace and heroism to shame and villainy. These characteristics are conflicting, therefore making Macbeth a walking equivocation, a living embodiment of a double meaning. This makes the reader unsure of Macbeth’s fate. Shakespeare makes the audience unsure of what Macbeth will do next, if he will redeem himself or continue on his downward spiral of darkness. William Shakespeare uses the unc ertainty and ambiguity that accompanies the theme of equivocation to make the reader not know what to expect. Equivocation is used to showcase the tragic hero fall that Macbeth experiences. Without the use of equivocation, the story would be more predictableShow MoreRelatedAllegorical Elements In Macbeth Essay761 Words   |  4 PagesThe use of allegorical devices within Macbeth can also be used as a way of discussing internal political and ethical perspectives. Shakespeare condemns equivocation within the narrative, â€Å"Faith here’s an equivocator that could swear in both the scales against either scale who committed treason enough for Gods sake, yet could not equivocate to heaven† . This is probably in reference to the Jesuit, Henry Garnet a man who was tried and executed for his role in the Gunpowder Plot of 1605. Garnet publishedRead MoreExplore the Link Between Ambition and Evil in Lord of the Flies and Macbeth976 Words   |  4 Pagestruly is the source of all evil. In Macbeth, Shakespeare does well to disguise ambition as the true source of villainy, behind the faà §ade that is Lady Macbeth and the witches. Without ambition, there would never be any action, no good, no evil, would Eve have picked the apple from the garden of Eden, without the ambition to gain further knowledge? The two traits of evil and ambition are well aligned in both pieces of literature, and too in real life, and this essay aims to explore the link they shareRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 997 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth Essay Final Draft The catalyst that initiated World War 1 is the murdering of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinad in June 28, 1914. In Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the witches are the main catalyst to all of Macbeth’s crimes. From the very beginning, the witches tells us that Macbeth is very critical to their evil scheme â€Å"There to meet with Macbeth†(1,1,5). It is from this instant that the witches make a everlasting connection between themselves and Macbeth â€Å"A drum, a drum, MacbethRead MoreMacbeth English Ib-Hl Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesENGLISH HL SHAKESPEARE- MACBETH ESSAY It is human nature to be intrigued by all things mystical and dangerous. We fear the unknown but seek it nonetheless out of greed. Most of Shakespeare’s works hold an element of the supernatural and the play Macbeth is no exception. In this play we see a contemporary morality that warns of the dangers of trafficking with instruments of darkness; the witches in the play prophesize of Macbeths future as king, and Macbeth blinded by his hunger for power failsRead MoreComparing Human Nature in Macbeth and Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde1596 Words   |  7 PagesHyde’. Macbeth is a play written by William Shakespeare in 1604. It is set in Scotland and is considered one of the darkest and most powerful tragedies in literature. The play dramatizes the corrosive psychological and political effects which occur when the evil inside a person is chosen as a way to fulfil the ambition for power. Shakespeare performed this play and was paid by the monarch, King James I; this meant that the sovereign had a large effect on the outcome of the play. In this essay, I willRead MoreAnalysis Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare1659 Words   |  7 PagesHonors 9 November 2015 Macbeth Essay The theme of tragedy appears in various amounts of movies, literature, and plays which provided entertainment for people throughout the years. Movies and plays such as â€Å"The Titanic† and â€Å"Romeo Juliet† gave audiences a pang of sadness and amusement as the story line unraveled. Notably, the prevalence of the theme occurs in Shakespearean plays such as the tale of Macbeth which displays Aristotle’s definition of tragedy. The play Macbeth lives up to Aristotle’sRead MoreChange of Macbeth in William Shakespeares Macbeth Essay1674 Words   |  7 PagesChange of Macbeth in William Shakespeares Macbeth Throughout the course of the play, Macbeths character changes from good to evil. As the audience we are given plenty of opportunities to look at the way in which he changes and the influences that help bring about the alteration in character. Shakespeare also uses dramatic devises to highlight Macbeths change. In this essay I am going to explore the influences that Macbeth was exposed to and theRead MoreEssay about Certain Ambiguity in Shakespeares Ambiguous Macbeth2636 Words   |  11 PagesCertain Ambiguity in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Bard of Avon does not make all meanings explicit in his tragedy Macbeth. Of course, much of the ambiguity is intentional. In this essay we shall explore the instances of ambiguity in the play.    In Everybodys Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack comments on the purposeful obscurity in which Shakespeare keeps the three Witches:    The obscurity with which Shakespeare envelops their nature and powers is very probablyRead MoreZen and the Art of William Shakespeare Essay2389 Words   |  10 Pagesrole of God and Satan. Zen suggests that we have no good reason to escape this reality, and furthermore it is absurd to think that we really can. Ultimately, living in Zen is to live extemporaneously. When one truly lives in Zen there is no equivocation or deliberation. There is only action. Zen is the ever-present guiding force in the life of an individual who adheres only to living. Zen is far away from the individual who abides whether in thought or deed, in his own disillusions. In TheRead MoreStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pagesoverwhelming space, danger, instability; whereas earth connotes safety, fertility and stability. 28. claim-to assert or maintain as a fact: Ex. She claimed that he was telling the truth. 29. classification and division- In a classification essay, a writer organizes, or sorts, things into categories. Division separates items into categories. 30. coherence- logical interconnection; overall sense or understandability. The property of unity in a written text or a segment of spoken discourse

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Is Pvc Acceptable for Gas Furnace Flue Free Essays

Is PVC an acceptable vent material for flue gases? Installing a new water heater or furnace can be tricky for the novice HVAC technician. There are many checks that need to be done and codes that need to be followed. While not being complete with the internals can lead to a harmful situation, one of the most important decisions that you will have to make is what material you should make the flue out of. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Pvc Acceptable for Gas Furnace Flue? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most furnace flues are made out of a metal material which is a proper decision do the high temperatures released through the flue during the use of the furnace. Due to the cost of metal, some technicians have chosen to use PVC pipe as material for furnace flues as a less expensive alternative. Polyvinyl Chloride, otherwise known as PVC is a hard plastic pipe typically used in plumbing applications. Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe is the third most widely produced plastic in the world behind only polyethylene and polypropylene. Wikipedia quotes that PVC is â€Å"cheaper and stronger than more traditional alternatives such as copper or ductile iron. It can be made softer and more flexible by the addition of plasticizes, the widely used Phthlates. In this form, it is used in clothing , upholstery, and electrical insulation. † After inspections of commercial and residential installations, Inspectors have discovered that using PVC pipe can lead to destructive and possibly harmful conditions. It was noted that if the water heater scales up due to minerals in the water supply, it can cause the flue gas temperatures to rise which can lead to the fittings and pipe melting. Melting of the PVC pipe can be very dangerous. If behind a wall or in the ceiling, a melted pipe can leak condensation and create mold growth behind drywall. Even more dangerous is the release of carbon monoxide gas out of a melted pipe. Carbon Monoxide is a lethal gas and can lead to a fatal situation. Manufacturers sometimes recommend using PVC for their installations. Research has found that although they recommend using PVC pipe, it is not necessarily safe and I would not recommend using it due to the melting hazard. The funny part I find is that although there is not a standard in any of the codes in the United States for PVC or plastic combustion flue vents, most manufactures ask you to reference the U. S. code. There is a Canadian standard which allows temperatures of the flue to exceed the temperatures limits of the manufacturer of the PVC material. The Canadian standard (ULC S636) covers the venting of gas fired appliances. It classifies the temperatures of the venting systems in three different classes. The fist class is a class one venting system for gas fired appliances producing flue temperatures of 135 degrees C (275 F) but not more than 245 C (473 F). A class two venting system produces temperatures of 135 C (275 F). A class three venting system is classified into 4 temperatures. 1) up to and including 65 C. 2) up to and including 90 C. 3) up to and including 110 C. 4) up to and including 135 C. I did a little research on a major manufacture of PVC and other plastics, JM Eagle, and could not find any PVC manufactures that can reach those limitations as gas flue temperatures can reach above 250 F. In closing and after my research, I find that using Stainless steel for your gas furnace or boiler flue is not only essential but necessary as a safety precaution. Although it is a little more expensive, you will not have the melting hazard and the risk of the release of Carbon Monoxide. ———————————————————————————————————- References: http://www. plumbingengineer. com/may_11/code. php Is PVC an acceptable vent material for flue gases? By Ron George CPD http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride www. jmeagle. com How to cite Is Pvc Acceptable for Gas Furnace Flue?, Essay examples

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Connection Between Urinary Tract Infectionsâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Connection Between Urinary Tract Infections? Answer: Introducation A Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) occurs when bacteria in the bladder, urethra or kidneys multiplies into the urinary tract. Acute kidney disease (AKD) occurs when the kidneys no longer have the ability to get rid of excess fluids, salts and waste from the blood. The connection between a UTI and Acute Kidney disease is that when the former is left untreated, it could lead to acute kidney disease. This could in turn lead to the permanent damage of vital organs and eventually lead to kidney failure. One of the symptoms of a UTI and acute kidney disease is flank pain which was evident in the patient (Prakash Ramasubramanian, 2016). This is pain experienced on one side of the body between the hips and ribs or between the abdomen and the back. Flank pain can be considered a sign of a kidney problem. Additionally, the patient showed some signs of confusion and this is another symptom of acute kidney disease as well as UTI in senior patients. Another symptom of UTI observed on the patient wa s the discharge of cloudy and concentrated urine which had a foul smell (Allen, 2016). Explain the clinical association or relationship between UTI and confusion in the elderly. A UTI can be the cause of confusion as well as other symptoms of dementia in senior patients. This is sometimes mistaken for the very early stages of Alzheimers disease or dementia.The symptom of confusion in a patient suffering from a UTI may be vague and can mimic other health conditions.Since confusion is usually a vague and uncommon symptom of UTIs, it makes it difficult to make a diagnosis in older patients (Nicolle, 2016). Thus, a simple urinalysis is conducted upon the suspicion of a UTI as in Johns case whose results showed that he indeed had a UTI. When an older patient has the classic symptoms of a UTI, they may not be in a position to inform their care givers. This is usually because of age-related issues such as Alzheimers disease or dementia that bring about some confusion. Dementia also puts elderly patients at the risk of contracting a UTI and it is sometimes termed as a risk factor. It is important to look out for signs of confusion in senior adults because they may n ot exhibit the common signs of a UTI (Balogun Philbrick, 2014). This is because their immune systems are not entirely capable of mounting a significant response to such an infection. Besides the absence of noticeable signs in majority of the older individuals fail to or cannot express their levels of discomfort to care providers (Mitchell, Fasugba, Beckingham, Bennett Gardner, 2016). Describe why Johns clinical signs have climbed now. Johns clinical signs have climbed up beyond the normal vital sign ranges for an average adult who is healthy because of the UTI infection. His temperature is at 400C which is above the average 370C for a healthy adult. He was breathing at 26 breaths per minute while a healthy adult breaths 12 to 18 breaths per minute. His pulse was at 102 bpm whilst the rate should be at 60 to 102 bpm. This can also be associated with his past medical history of asthma and congestive heart failure. If at all the heart failure had gone untreated, it could have caused the complications of kidney damage or failure. This is because heart failure reduces the flow of blood to the kidneys and if left untreated, one suffers from kidney failure (Jarvis, Chan Gottlieb, 2014). He may have acquired these diseases from tobacco use when he smoked during his outdoor work. Besides smoking, the asthma could have been caused by airborne substances like dust and pollen or air irritants and pollutants such as smoke sin ce he used to do an outdoor job at the city council. He is an Aboriginal who used to work and live alone and this could have triggered strong emotions and stress that could have caused the asthma and now the rise of his vital signs that show he has an infection. What therapy is needed for John? John should undergo antibiotic therapy as an inpatient since he has symptoms of a UTI. UTI is common the elderly and if left untreated, it can lead to serious health implications. In this case, as an elderly adult male, he should undergo a 10-14 days course antibiotic therapy, which will help relieve his symptoms. However, it is always recommended that an antibiotic culture should not be embarked on until a culture and sensitivity test is carried out (Rowe Mehta, 2013). The results from the sample urine helps to avoid unnecessary use of broad courses of antibiotic treatment. In this case, his vital signs are not stable and there could be no time to wait for additional information. With the help of the urinalysis results, the best course of antibiotic therapy could be prescribed, which can clear the symptoms of the infection. However, depending on the nature of the infection, it is recommended that he first undergoes initial treatment by being administered to intravenous (IV) antimic robial therapy. This could be in the form of a fluoroquinolone, a third-generation cephalosporin or an aminoglycoside as well as amoxicillin (Jarvis, Chan Gottlieb, 2014). Since the patient has a history of congestive heart failure which could be a risk factor for acute kidney disease, the antimicrobial coverage ought to be broadened and an agent such as antipseudomonal could be added. Additionally, the course of antibiotic administered is influenced by the local resistance patterns (Jarvis, Chan Gottlieb, 2014). The antibiotic coverage could be readjusted later based on the results from the culture and sensitivities. Dietary considerations should also be taken with high regard including sufficient fluids (Broom, Broom, Kirby Adams, 2016). References Allen, C. (2016). Education extra: Recurrent urinary tract infections. Australian Pharmacist 35(2), 36. Balogun, S. A., Philbrick, J. T. (2014). Delirium, a symptom of UTI IN the elderly: fact or fable? A systematic review. Canadian Geriatrics Journal, 17(1), 22. Broom., A., Broom J., Kirby, E., Adams, J. (2016). The social dynamics of antibiotic use in an Australian hospital. Journal of Sociology, 52(4), 824-839. Jarvis, T. R., Chan, L., Gottlieb, T. (2014). Assessment and management of lower urinary tract infection in adults. Issues, 1. Mitchell, B. G., Fasugba, O., Beckingham, W., Bennett, N., Gardner, A. (2016). A point prevalence study of healthcare associated urinary tract infections in Australian acute and aged care facilities. Infection, Disease Health, 21(1), 26-31. Nicolle, L. E. (2016). Urinary tract infections in older adult. Clinics in geriatric medicine, 32(3), 523-538. Prakash, K. C., Ramasubramanian, V. (2016). Urinary Tract Infection. Manual Nephrology, 226. Rowe, T. A., Juthani-Mehta, M. (2013). Urinary tract infection in older adults. Aging health, 9(5), 519-528.